Este curso se centra en las técnicas de pruebas prácticas aplicadas a los motores de gasolina inyección directa (GDI) soportados por una comprensión de trabajo del sistema y el funcionamiento de los componentes. Esta clase presenta técnicas de prueba esenciales que se pueden aplicar a una variedad de vehículos equipados GDI independientemente de la marca o modelo. Esta clase se centra en el uso correcto de las herramientas comunes de diagnóstico, análisis de datos y técnicas de exploración prueba de manejo adecuadas para ayudar a diagnosticar con precisión algunos de los iddues más comunes que se encuentran en los motores GDI.

With a conventional camshaft, all the variables that determine valve timing, lift, duration and overlap are cast in stone the moment the lobes are ground. Variable Camshaft Timing (VCT) or otherwise known as Variable Valve Timing (VVT) was then developed in order to achieve better overall versatility in a wider RPM range and various operating conditions by phasing the camshaft. Camshaft phasing systems allow the valve timing to be adapted to the respective operating conditions of the engine. With completion of this class technicians can expect to gain a deeper understanding of: • Camshaft foundations and the benefits of Variable Camshaft Timing (VCT) • Design and function of many modern VCT systems • Operation of various phaser styles • Special tooling requirements Variable Displacement oil pump technology • Testing of sensors, actuators and mechanical components of the VCT system • Scan tool data analysis and waveform diagnostics

When a simplified wiring schematic does not provide the necessary diagnostic information, access to the added features of OE wiring diagrams can help save valuable diagnostic time. Learn how to access wiring information directly from the vehicle manufacturer, as well as through aftermarket information systems. Added features include web-based hyperlinks to connector views and component locations, photographs to help identify components and automatic links to associated diagrams. Objectives include: • Utilize OE schematics and support material to effectively diagnose electrical problems • Explain unique features of each OE system • Understand global format wiring • Combine testing techniques with OE information to isolate problem areas • Practice pre-planning using wiring schematics and symptom descriptions

Four wheel drive (4WD) in itself is not a new concept. Original systems use a mechanically controlled transfer case with the associated driveshafts and axles. Today we see complex hardware design, electronic controls and advanced diagnostic techniques. New systems rely on input sensors, computers, electric motors actuators and data busses to operate. It is crucial to understand the function of all components and how they interact to diagnose problems efficiently.Topics in this course include: • Hardware construction and operation • Control systems and sequencing • Diagnostic routines• Component testing • Common failures • 4 hours

General Motors introduced the first Stop-Start system on the 2014 Chevy Malibu as standard equipment and now have over 21 models using Stop-Start technologies. Implementing automated stop-start technology in today’s vehicle’s is a cost-effective way to improve fuel economy and reduce emissions. A Stop-Start system operates by shutting off the engine when the vehicle comes to a complete standstill, and automatically re-starts the engine when the driver releases the brake pedal. This operating strategy is often utilized in full hybrid-electric vehicles that have powerful electric systems but is also becoming more popular in non-hybrid vehicles that use traditional starter/battery configurations. Topics include: -Dual battery and control methods used to isolate the electrical systems during Autostop/Start -Robust starter motor technologies-Dual Tandem Starter design and operation -Capacitor and DC-DC (Transformer) Control Stop-Start systems -Common components found on each system • Stop-Start input and output control logic -DTC descriptors and scan tool diagnostic evaluation methods -Important best service practices to handle working on GM vehicles equipped with Stop-Start systems.

Este curso se centra en las técnicas de pruebas prácticas aplicadas a los motores de gasolina inyección directa (GDI) soportados por una comprensión de trabajo del sistema y el funcionamiento de los componentes. Esta clase presenta técnicas de prueba esenciales que se pueden aplicar a una variedad de vehículos equipados GDI independientemente de la marca o modelo. Esta clase se centra en el uso correcto de las herramientas comunes de diagnóstico, análisis de datos y técnicas de exploración prueba de manejo adecuadas para ayudar a diagnosticar con precisión algunos de los iddues más comunes que se encuentran en los motores GDI.

One of the most misconceived ideas of modern vehicles is that they are maintenance free. Although modern vehicles, in some cases, may require much less frequent routine maintenance than older vehicles, they are far from maintenance free. As automotive technology continues to advance, some maintenance services previously required with earlier technology may be eliminated or reduced, however in many cases, maintenance becomes more critical for these advanced systems. Topics in this class include: • Fluid condition inspection and testing • Maintenance intervals • Service practices • Accessory drive systems • Cooling system hardware • Filtration inspection and service • Carbon issues

This course is intended to provide technicians with a thorough understanding of fuel trim. From the feedback fuel control loop to recognizing when fuel control strategy falls outside of stoichiometry, the objective of this class is to allow technicians to more effectively diagnose a variety of driveability issues using fuel trim data. Topics will include: defining fuel trim types, air/fuel calculation strategies and using scan tool fuel trim data for diagnostic purposes. This course uses illustrated vehicle case studies to demonstrate the practical application of analytic and diagnostic techniques used by top technicians across the country. Learn how to determine which diagnostic tests need to be performed and, more importantly, which diagnostic tests do not need to be performed to locate problems quickly and accurately the first time.

Since man began to build machines for industrial use, and especially since motors have been used to power them, problems of vibration reduction and isolation have engaged engineers. Gradually, as vibration isolation and reduction techniques have become an integral part of machine design, the need for accurate measurement and analysis of mechanical vibration has grown. Over the last 15 or 20 years a whole new technology of vibration measurement has been developed which is suitable for investigating modern highly stressed, high speed machinery. Using piezoelectric accelerometers to convert vibratory motion into understandable data, the process of measurement and analysis is efficiently performed by the versatile abilities of these electronics. This class will show you how to use modern techniques to identify the vibration source, track the transfer path and pinpoint the responding component.

This course presents practical application of digital storage oscilloscope (DSO) techniques. Appropriate testing methods of major automotive systems including: fuel, ignition, charging/starting and engine mechanical will be presented. Each system will be approached with the following questions: • What am I working on/how does it work? • What questions do I need answers to for effective analysis? • What DSO technique can I use to obtain those answers? • What results should I expect?

Are you replacing the alternator unnecessarily? When faced with an illuminated BAT, GEN or ALT light that’s on what do we do on a late model vehicle equipped with a computer controlled charging system? The connected development of next-generation electrical and electronic architectures (EEA’s) has led to a whole new level of balance between modern batteries and the charging systems that support the vehicles electrical needs. The modern charging system is designed to maximize the effectiveness of the generator, manage loads, improve battery state of health and life, send diagnostic messages to alert the driver, and minimize the systems impact on fuel economy. This course will cover: • Electrical power management designs • Regulated voltage control for ignition off and on demand • Battery state of charge, health and function • Alternator pulley diagnosis overrunning alternator pulley (OAP) and decoupler (OAD) • Charge indicator message interpretation • Modes of charging system operation

Air/Fuel management has changed drastically in recent years and what we expect to see in fuel trim reactions to systems faults may not apply to today’s vehicles. Special emphasis will be placed on the effects of the downstream exhaust gas sensor on fuel control. Completion of our earlier fuel trim classes is encouraged. Topic discussed will include: • The Air Equation • Air control • Fuel delivery • Feedback devices • Control outside of stoichiometry • Adaptive range and strategy • The effects of secondary control • Key PIDS and analysis

Este curso está destinado a proporcionar a los técnicos una comprensión exhaustiva del ajuste del combustible. Desde el circuito de control de combustible de retroalimentación hasta el reconocimiento de cuándo la estrategia de control de combustible está fuera de la estequiometría, el objetivo de esta clase es permitir que los técnicos diagnostiquen más eficazmente una variedad de problemas de manejo utilizando datos de ajuste de combustible. Los temas incluirán: la definición de los tipos de compensación de combustible, las estrategias de cálculo de aire / combustible y el uso de datos de ajuste de combustible de la herramienta de escaneo para fines de diagnóstico. Este curso utiliza estudios de casos de vehículos ilustrados para demostrar la aplicación práctica de técnicas analíticas y de diagnóstico utilizadas por los mejores técnicos de todo el país. Aprenda a determinar qué pruebas de diagnóstico deben realizarse y, lo que es más importante, qué pruebas de diagnóstico no es necesario realizar para localizar los problemas de manera rápida y precisa la primera vez.

European DIN wiring schematics, commonly used by Volkswagen and Audi, are very different than most schematics used on domestic vehicles. They can be a challenge for many technicians but understanding DIN unlocks powerful information hidden in that format. This class will give technicians a better understanding of the DIN format and allow them to practice their use in class for diagnostic purposes. Topics include: • Understanding symbols • Understanding DIN numbering standards • Understanding tracks • Utilizing the legend • General DIN navigation rules • Application of DIN wiring for diagnosis • In-class DIN wiring exercises applied to common problems using provided wiring PDFs

The Hybrid and EV vehicle segment is the fastest growing market in North America. While there are many safety issues that need to be addressed when servicing hybrids and EVs, the reality is there are only a few services that require factory tools or access to high voltage components. Hybrid vehicles have internal combustion engines that need oil changes, ignition service and cooling services. They all have brake and suspension systems, along with battery and HV cooling systems, tires and drivetrain fluid services. This course covers the unique issues you will find on the most popular HEV/BEV vehicles. Topics include: • Service safety • Driver controls and instrumentation • Engine and transmission maintenance • Brake, steering and suspension services • HVAC services • Unique OE specific procedures

With so many differing ways to diagnose driveability problems, how do you decide which procedure will yield the most information? CTI's newest Diagnostic Series, Modern Diagnostic Routines, will explore the latest information gathering techniques purpose built with speed and accuracy in mind. The first course in this series will provide you with procedures you can use to gain the most usable knowledge regarding cylinder pressures from your pressure transducer. Seasoned pros and those new to pressure transducers will all benefit from the wealth of knowledge this course will provide as your CTI instructor shows you how to use pressure mapping with captures from any brand of lab scope.

Thermal imaging is fast becoming a rapid, non-intrusive way to gather analytic data quickly. Thermal cameras are becoming widely available but correct operation that gives accurate results involves much more than point and shoot. Learn the benefits and the pitfalls of this technique. Topics include: • Advantages of using Thermal Imaging for diagnosis • Understand the differences in Thermal Cameras • Know the limitations of Thermal Cameras • Explore documented uses of Thermal Imaging for diagnosis on real use cases

The brake system is one of the most important safety related systems that technicians must diagnose and repair. When a vehicle exhibits a brake system concern, performing a complete inspection of the system is nonnegotiable for professional, safety and liability reasons. The technician must also consider other brake related systems on the modern vehicle such as; vehicle stability control (VSC), advanced driver assists system (ADAS), antilock braking system (ABS) and programing adaptive learning. Symptoms in these advanced systems can stem from problems in the base brake system. This class curriculum focuses on the brake system symptoms that are most commonly a concern of our customers and the proper diagnostic procedures performed by the professional technician during service. Topics include: • Base brake system diagnostics • Common symptoms and concerns • Testing methods and solutions for mechanical, hydraulic and failure modes of basic brake system • Cause and effect relationship of other systems (ABS, Stability and ADAS) • Use of advanced testing tools and techniques

Well over 20 years ago vehicle manufacturers began to utilize a more accurate sensor for the measurement of exhaust gas oxygen concentration. It took many years for the new Wide Band Air Fuel Ration sensor technology to become a mainstream component and now they are failing. This course will provide the knowledge necessary to properly identify and diagnose fuel system issues in systems using these sensors. Diagnosing AFR signals can be tricky and your instructor will show you the best way to obtain a clean usable signal trace so that comparisons with the scan data can be made. If you struggle to properly diagnose these AFR sensors or just want clarification on their operation this is another class you just can't afford to miss.

The automotive cooling system has gone through many design changes throughout the years. Metallurgy in the engine, radiators, water pumps and thermostats have all advanced. Many systems use multiple water pumps, multiple thermostats and some thermostats are electronically controlled. Electric water pumps are controlled by the powertrain control module to vary the flow. Many more coolant types exist today than ever before making coolant identification and coolant testing difficult. Coolant heaters have been added to some hybrid and electric vehicles to warm the high voltage battery up in cold conditions and coolant chillers have been added to cool the battery down in hot conditions. Cooling system bleeding techniques vary between manufacturers and models. It’s time to bring cooling system training in your shop. Topics in this course include: Coolant chemistry Coolant inspection and testing Coolant system service Water pump variants and flow control Heat exchanger operation Multi loop systems Cooling fan control

Three-phase motors are widely used in industry and have become the workhorse of many mechanical and electromechanical systems because of their relative simplicity, proven reliability, and long service life. This course covers the operation of hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) and electric vehicles (EV) traction motors and generators. Technicians will learn principles of operation that can be applied to many OE design applications including permanent magnet and induction motors. Objectives of the class are: ● Understand construction and operation of 3-phase motors ● Identify differences between permanent magnet and induction motors. ● Describe the operation of motor position sensors. ● Explain inverter operation during generation and motor modes. ● Identify several common failures. ● Perform motor testing using specialized tools. ● Analyze common motor failures.

Evaluar la condición mecánica del motor en los vehículos actuales requiere mucho más que un medidor de compresión. Aprenda a probar algo más que la capacidad de sellado del motor. La capacidad de mover más aire, controlar la posición del árbol de levas, desactivar y activar los cilindros y proporcionar una contribución equitativa de los cilindros es una parte esencial de todo diseño de motor moderno. Esta clase presentará formas eficientes y precisas de analizar el estado del motor moderno. Aprenda a ahorrar tiempo mediante el uso de un osciloscopio, datos de escaneo, transductores de presión y software especializado para determinar el estado mecánico de un motor de forma rápida y sencilla.

Worldwide, the focus of automotive laws and regulations is on reducing emissions. One way to achieve this goal is increase the number of zero emission vehicles on the road. California has a zero-emissions mandate and China has also adopted a version of California’s plan in its new energy mandate. Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) production numbers are on the rise and are soon going to be commonplace on our streets. It is now time to start learning about BEVs and preparing for this fundamental shift in automotive technology. This class presents an overview of components, operation and tooling needed to successfully compete in this market. Topics include: • Special tools required • Common components between hybrid and electric vehicle drivetrains • Additional components found only on electrical drivetrains • Battery construction and testing • Gear box power flow • Unique testing procedures

One of the most misconceived ideas of modern vehicles is that they are maintenance free. Although modern vehicles, in some cases, may require much less frequent routine maintenance than older vehicles, they are far from maintenance free. As automotive technology continues to advance, some maintenance services previously required with earlier technology may be eliminated or reduced, however in many cases, maintenance becomes more critical for these advanced systems. Topics in this class include: • Fluid condition inspection and testing • Maintenance intervals • Service practices • Accessory drive systems • Cooling system hardware • Filtration inspection and service • Carbon issues

This class is a continuation of STA-3803-4. It will concentrate on air/ fuel management strategies as implemented on Advanced Tier platforms. Air/Fuel management has changed drastically in recent years and what we expect to see in fuel trim reactions to systems faults may not apply to today’s vehicles. Special emphasis will be placed on the effects of the downstream exhaust gas sensor on fuel control. Completion of our earlier fuel trim classes is encouraged. Topic discussed will include: • The Air Equation • Air control • Fuel delivery • Feedback devices • Control outside of stoichiometry • Adaptive range and strategy • The effects of secondary control • Key PIDS and analysis

This class coves modern vehicle network operation and how to efficiently diagnose them using common tooling. The overwhelming majority of network related issues do not require decoding of individual packets of data. It is important to understand how a network exchanges information, but a deep dive into the bits. bytes, nibbles and ticks of each network is not needed to repair the vehicle. Knowledge of the network type, the expected voltage levels, and the layout of the network wiring to the modules can provide us with enough information to gain diagnostic direction. At that point, we can use our available tooling to determine the root cause of the problem. Topics Include: • Understanding common automotive networks and where to get help if we don’t understand them • Discuss OE and aftermarket scan tool communication benefits and challenges • Developing a logical diagnostic approach using service information and our own tooling • Understanding diagnosis through communication related case studies

Well over 20 years ago vehicle manufacturers began to utilize a more accurate sensor for the measurement of exhaust gas oxygen concentration. It took many years for the new Wide Band Air Fuel Ration sensor technology to become a mainstream component and now they are failing. This course will provide the knowledge necessary to properly identify and diagnose fuel system issues in systems using these sensors. Diagnosing AFR signals can be tricky and your instructor will show you the best way to obtain a clean usable signal trace so that comparisons with the scan data can be made. If you struggle to properly diagnose these AFR sensors or just want clarification on their operation this is another class you just can't afford to miss.

The Digital Storage Oscilloscope (DSO) is fast becoming a primary tool for the automotive diagnostic technician. The setup and operation of the DSO is presented so that a technician can take advantage of the tool’s many features. Learn to set up the DSO to acquire a correct waveform, store it for future reference, and interpret the waveform for diagnostic purposes. Voltage settings, time base and triggering techniques are covered so that any signal may be displayed and analyzed accurately and efficiently. If you are considering buying or already own a scope, this class will provide information that will allow you to confidently use a DSO to aid in your diagnostic process.

Vehicle security systems are considered by most technicians to be overly complex and difficult to repair. We will explore some solid foundations of how vehicle security works, how each OE implements the systems and how to effectively approach diagnosis, key production, copying, and key registering/programming. We talk about PINs, NASTF, and tools, as well as current industry challenges. Topics include: • Security system operation • Fob communication and programming • VSP requirements • OEM vs. Aftermarket tools

The Scan Tool Academy series will provide a branching path taking a technician from basic scan tool use, building on a solid foundation, until they achieve power user status. There is ample evidence that basic button pushing classes have not produced the comprehension and comfort that allows a technician to break out of basic functionality. Many shops have invested heavily in scan tools only to have them used primarily as code readers and not much else. This series as a whole does not focus on any one scan tool platform, as our clients own and use many variations of scan tools. We will present scan tool concepts using many of the common scan tool platforms including both multi-line (aftermarket) and manufacturer-specific tools. In Module 1, Practical Application and Analysis, we will: • Introduce a focused, efficient diagnostic routine. • Apply the diagnostic routine to scan tool testing. • Describe how scan tool technology has developed and where it is going. • Explore computer inputs and outputs then compare and contrast what is displayed on a scan tool. • Provide examples of functionality from 10+ scan tool platforms • Using service information to understand the data used to monitor specific vehicle systems, as well as information that may be available through the scan tool. • Cover changes in how Global services work, what has been added and how to use the information to find solutions more efficiently.

Advanced driver assist systems (ADAS) faults come in a variety of forms. Component failure, networking problems and calibration failures are at the top of the list. This class will explore ADAS best practices and the analytic process used to solve these problems efficiently. Learn how these systems can be effectively serviced and repaired using an understanding of the technology, strong foundational skillsets and current service information. Topics include: • Current tooling to set calibration targets correctly • Utilization of current service information • Common environmental causes of calibration failures • The analytic process • Examples of common failures and corrections

This class is a continuation of Diagnosing Hybrid Battery Pack Systems. As more hybrid vehicles appear in aftermarket shops the need for improved understanding of the operation and diagnosis of inverters and motors becomes increasingly important. This class will focus on the operation of inverters and motors as they apply to today’s hybrids. Learn what knowledge and tooling it will take to accurately diagnose and repair these advanced drivetrain systems. Topics covered will include: • Motor types, components and how they function. • Crucial sensing devices. • Inverter operation and operational strategy. • Modes of operation. • Cooling support systems. • Key scan tool PIDs for analysis of faults. • Special tools and equipment. • Real life examples of inverter/motor faults.

This eight hour course trains technicians to develop a diagnostic process and apply available tools to solve engine misfire issues. Understanding how the monitors work and identifying the presence and location of the misfire is key to the diagnosis. Both foundation and advanced testing techniques will also be covered. Topics include: • Create a repeatable diagnostic process • Understand misfire detection and monitor operation • Familiarize technicians how to best utilize mechanical test tools for misfire diagnosis • Learn how to decode and utilize scan tool data • Find out how to utilize oscilloscope test data for misfires • Discover how fuel system tests relate to misfire issues

This eight hour course trains technicians to develop a diagnostic process and apply available tools to solve engine misfire issues. Understanding how the monitors work and identifying the presence and location of the misfire is key to the diagnosis. Both foundation and advanced testing techniques will also be covered. Topics include: • Create a repeatable diagnostic process • Understand misfire detection and monitor operation • Familiarize technicians how to best utilize mechanical test tools for misfire diagnosis • Learn how to decode and utilize scan tool data • Find out how to utilize oscilloscope test data for misfires • Discover how fuel system tests relate to misfire issues

Finding the source of fluid leaks is a task every technician faces on a weekly (if not daily) basis. Engineers fighting for every inch of room in the modern vehicle have added some difficulty to this task. “It’s just a leak, right?” But, where is it originating and is there anything else I need to check before the repair? Lighter and smaller components, along with higher mechanical stresses, make correct sealing techniques more critical than ever. Sealing today’s engines require utilization of the latest tools and technology. Learn the techniques that will help you make accurate diagnosis and prevent costly comebacks.

General Motors has been improving and refining their powertrains and engine management system at an accelerated pace over the past few years. This course will present the operation and diagnostic techniques the aftermarket will need to service this large segment of the repair market. Each major GM system will be covered using not only OE tooling but capable aftermarket scan tools and techniques. Topics will include: • Engine mechanical highlights • Fuel system operation and diagnosis • Ignition system operation and diagnosis • Air Induction and turbocharging • Emission components and monitoring strategies • Network configuration and reprogramming • Current service issues

Una prueba de manejo no tiene la intención de aislar fallas que puedan estar causando un síntoma o preocupación. El propósito de una prueba analítica es simplemente recopilar información. Luego, una vez que se ha analizado la información que ha reunido, puede determinar la prueba o las pruebas adecuadas para reducir el problema a un sistema o subsistema de vehículo y, finalmente, diagnosticar con precisión la causa raíz de un problema. Esta clase examinará varios ejemplos de datos de escaneo capturados de vehículos GDI. Esta información evaluará rápidamente la condición del sistema de gestión del motor, verificará el funcionamiento correcto o encontrará pistas que dirigirán las pruebas de intrusión puntuales de manera eficiente. Independientemente de si el problema es impulsado por DTC o por síntomas, un ciclo repetible de conducción de prueba determinará si la causa raíz está relacionada con el aire (VE), relacionada con el combustible o relacionada con la adaptación.

Worldwide, the focus of automotive laws and regulations is on reducing emissions. One way to achieve this goal is increase the number of zero emission vehicles on the road. California has a zero-emissions mandate and China has also adopted a version of California’s plan in its new energy mandate. Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) production numbers are on the rise and are soon going to be commonplace on our streets. It is now time to start learning about BEVs and preparing for this fundamental shift in automotive technology. This class presents an overview of components, operation and tooling needed to successfully compete in this market. Topics include: • Special tools required • Common components between hybrid and electric vehicle drivetrains • Additional components found only on electrical drivetrains • Battery construction and testing • Gear box power flow • Unique testing procedures

This eight hour course trains technicians to develop a diagnostic process and apply available tools to solve engine misfire issues. Understanding how the monitors work and identifying the presence and location of the misfire is key to the diagnosis. Both foundation and advanced testing techniques will also be covered. Topics include: • Create a repeatable diagnostic process • Understand misfire detection and monitor operation • Familiarize technicians how to best utilize mechanical test tools for misfire diagnosis • Learn how to decode and utilize scan tool data • Find out how to utilize oscilloscope test data for misfires • Discover how fuel system tests relate to misfire issues

This class coves modern vehicle network operation and how to efficiently diagnose them using common tooling. The overwhelming majority of network related issues do not require decoding of individual packets of data. It is important to understand how a network exchanges information, but a deep dive into the bits. bytes, nibbles and ticks of each network is not needed to repair the vehicle. Knowledge of the network type, the expected voltage levels, and the layout of the network wiring to the modules can provide us with enough information to gain diagnostic direction. At that point, we can use our available tooling to determine the root cause of the problem. Topics Include: • Understanding common automotive networks and where to get help if we don’t understand them • Discuss OE and aftermarket scan tool communication benefits and challenges • Developing a logical diagnostic approach using service information and our own tooling • Understanding diagnosis through communication related case studies

Advances in Automatic Temperature Control technology requires that diagnostic techniques advance with it. This class will build upon an understanding of ATC operation and apply skills that include service information application, scan tool use, meter and oscilloscope techniques, and network diagnostics. Many of the techniques taught in this class can also be applied to electronic manual climate control systems. Objectives of the course include: • Diagnostic Strategy • Focus behind the firewall • Identify and utilize specific scan tool PIDs • Perform initialization as required by the system • Perform pinpoint tests with a meter or oscilloscope • Analyze networking issues • Verify post-repair operation

Push button start/stop systems are almost standard equipment in today’s vehicles, but they still present a diagnostic challenge when problems arise. The complexity is due in part to the interaction of several subsystems and modules, not to mention data and wireless communication, required to make the starter engage. This course covers the operation of the components involved and how to analyze them most effectively to make a confident repair. Topics include: • Push button start/stop system operation • Explanation of interior and exterior localization • Effective use of scan tool data for analysis • Importance of on-board wireless communications • Fob operation and programming